Sports In Russia During 1905 To 1913 History Essay

Sports In Russia During 1905 To 1913 record EssayThe early 20th century was a very great while for Russian sports biography many refreshed types of sports gained popularity passim the expanse and the commonwealth took its level of athletic competition to an all meter new level. Understanding the usance of sports in Russias memorial is significant because sports are to a greater extent than a appoint of entertainment for spectators as well as those who insert in them. The reality is that sports are a great symbol of exercise, sensible fitness, a healthy life style/society, and camaraderie between teammates and compensate opponents. Furthermore, when a nation competes in sporting competitions with other nations, this is a form of athletic socialization that suggests healthy and friendly relationships with other countries. For these reasons, judgement the role of sports during this time menses in Russian history is valuable to understanding this time hitch in Russia. Among the sports that took center stage during this time period were lawn tennis and soccer, although basketball, cricket, fencing, rassling and various other sports did gain popularity during this time period as well. In access to sports gaining popularity, the early twentieth century was in any case an important time for Russian sports for a different reason during this period, the sign endeavors of Russia in the most popular sports competition in the world took place, the surpassing GamesTennis in Russia during 1910 (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1).One sport that gained increased recognition during the freshman decade of the twentieth century was tennis. This sport, which was originally introduced in Russia during the summer of 1878, was stock-stilltide enjoyed by Tsar Nicholas II himself In fact, Tsar Nicholas II was a keen tennis player. His diary entries are full of references to the sport contend tennis after breakfast until 5 oclock, played a potful of tennis, enjoyed playi ng tennis, I personally played seven sets, went to play tennis early and played and sweated a great deal (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). In addition to this famous leader, on that point were other proponents of the sport that also helped increase its popularity. For example, several(prenominal) men who are now considered by many people as the pioneers of professional tennis in Russia include Count Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston, who was Russias champion in 1910-1914, as well as Arthur MacPherson, who was one of the founders of Russian lawn tennis (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). association footballDuring the later part of the nineteenth century, Soccer was gaining popularity in Russia however, in the eye of the Russian government, this was not perceived as a neat thing. In fact, the Russian government actually went to great lengths in order to exploit to restrict the practice of soccer amongst the coun corrects ethnic minorities. The purpose of this policy was to try and maintain the sport as somet hing that was exclusively for the clownishs elite. In order to put to death this, those who were considered of a lower class, could not be associated with the zippy. Not surprisingly, this policy failed, and the games popularity send quickly during the time when many Russian students were returning home from England. By 1905, the bulk of Russias clubs had already been established, and in 1912, according to the Russian content football game Ream website, The Football Association of Russia was founded in 1912 and became affiliated to FIFA that same year. During this same year, Russia participated in an exceptional Games Football Tournament for the first time in its history. other SportsBasketball was also popular in Russia during the early years of the twentieth century (Nelson 22). In addition to this sport, cricket was also appreciated throughout Russia. In fact, there were many popular sports clubs throughout the country during this time period where people could go to enjoy this game there were even some clubs that were specifically dedicated to the game of cricket, such as the St. Petersburg cricket Club (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). Other sports played in Russia during this time include fencing, football, wrestling, rush along, and gymnastics. Although there were other sports that were played and well-loved in Russia during this time period, these sports were among the most popular.OlympicsNot solely were many sports gaining popularity in the country during the early twentieth century, save it was during this time period that Russia began competing on an international level as well. Up until this point, the majority of Russias sport activities were local. Indeed, the most noteworthy change in Russian sports history was that this nation began competing in the Olympic Games. Although this was a big change in Russian sports history, it is important to note that despite Russias initial participation in these Olympic Games of 1900, the country did not compe te in the Olympics again until 1908. Russia chose not to partake in the 1904 summer Olympics, but in the 1908 games, Russia not solely competed, but the nation completed the games ranking in twelfth place.The 1908 capital of the United Kingdom Summer Olympics Photo of Nikolai Panin (Dolgopolov 33)About one hundred years ago, at the 4th modern Olympics, held in capital of the United Kingdom in 1908, Russia sent a team that was comprised of six athletes leash of them returned with medals. Nikolai Panin was the only one to bring home a gold medal Russias first ever. Panin win it in special visualises figure skating (capital of the United Kingdom was the first Olympics to include a non-summer sport). Nikolai Orlov and Alexei Petrov returned with silver medals in wrestling (Dolgopolov 33). In addition to skating and wrestling, Russia also took part in racing that year. However, Russia only had one athelete competing in the the athletics portion of the Olympic games, which greatly decreased their chances of winning a medal. The Russian athelete who did partipate in the athletics segment managed to take ninteenth place out of the twenty-seven racers who also competed in those games (The British Olympic Council 49).The 1912 capital of Sweden Summer OlympicsRussias commendable victory in the 1908 London Summer Olympics was followed by another great performance in the 1912 Stockholm Summer Olympics. Although Russia did not win any gold medals in these games, the country still managed to win two silver medals and three bronze medals, which was good enough to give Russia a ranking of sixteenth place in those games. One of the silver medals was win by a team comprised of Amos Kash, Nikolai Melnitsky, Pavel Voyloshnikov and Grigori Panteleimonov the game was called Shooting, Mens Team 30m military pistol. In addition, the other silver medal was won by Martin Klein in the Wrestling, Greco-Roman middleweight games. In regards to the bronze medals, Mart Kuusik won one medal in the Rowing, Mens single sculls game. Also, Esper Beloselsky, Ernest Brasche, Nikolai Puschnitsky, Aleksandr Rodionov, Iosif Schomaker, Philip Strauch, and Karl Lindblom won a medal in Sailing, Mens 10m class. Finally, Harry Blau won a bronze medal in Shooting, Mens Trap. During these Olympics, Russia exhibited much more skill and willingness to compete that it did in the years trailer this is evident not only in the number of sports games that Russia took part in, but also the number of Russia athletes that competed that year in equation to the 1900 Olympics in capital of France and the 1908 Olympics in London (THE SWEDISH exceptional COMMITTEE 852-861).(THE SWEDISH Olympic COMMITTEE 268)Also worth mentioning is that the 1912 Olympics was Russias debut in the swimming games. other first for Russia that year was in the cycling part of the games there were a total of ten cyclists competing on behalf of Russia that year. Diving was another first for Russia, although the nation only had one individual representing it in that segment. Furthermore, the nation sent a total of thirty-five athletes in order to compete on the nations behalf in the athletics segment of the games (ex., racing), which was a huge improvement in comparison to the single marathon runner who competed for Russia in the 1908 Olympic Games. Other games that Russia participated in the 1912 Olympics included equestrian, jumping, fencing, football, gymnastics, rowing, sailing, modern pentathlon, shooting, rowing, tennis, and wrestling. Clearly, Russia has increased its interest in competing in the Olympic games over the past dozen years.Taking a Break from the OlympicsPartaking in the Olympic Games was a very important part of Russian sports history, apt(p) that the Olympics symbolize global friendliness, fair-play, and unity. It is clear that Russia began taking the Olympics much more bad with each subsequent visit to the Olympics this is evident from the number of athletes that th is nation resolved to send to the Olympics in 1912. It seemed as though Russias participation in these games would be long lasting however, the camaraderie and national vainglory that Russian citizens gained during those three trips to the Olympics was short lived. This is because it would be decades before these Russian citizens could feel the national pride of a Russian winning a medal again. The 1916 Olympic Games were cancel receivable to World War I and the 1940 and 1944 Olympic Games were cancelled due to World War II. Although these three Olympic Games were canceled as a resolving of global chaos, this only offers an explanation for three Games. Russia chose not to compete in the Olympics again until the 1952 Games, but this time, Russia was not considered Russia anymore it was the Soviet Union that competed in its place. This brief time that Russia participated in the Olympics has gone down in history as Russias first Olympic endeavors and a very important milepost in R ussian Sports history.Dolgopolov, Nikolai. Russias First Gold Medalist. Russian Life 51.4 (2008) 33. schoolman Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Mar. 2010.Nelson, M. The Originals the New York Celtics invent modern basketball. New York bowl Green State Univrsity Popular Press, 1999.THE BRITISH OLYMPIC COUNCIL. The Fourth Olypiad London 1908 Official Report. London THE BRITISH OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION, 1908. 06 March 2010 THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE. The Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912 Official Report. Stockholm WAHLSTR-M WIDSTRAND, 1912. 06 March 2010 Russian National Football Team. A look at Russia. 04 March 2010

The New Satellite Technology Media Essay

The late major planet Technology Media Essay obscure from the military or intelligence gathering usage the send engine room send away be put to a number of uses, which are socially, economically and politically acceptable. The rising orbiter applied science leads to broadening of broadcasting and telecommunication services. It has lead to free television services across the world. Through satellite dishes people can look at hundreds of free channels. Free manner Satellite technology is modern way of viewing television free. apart(predicate) from the entertainment tool it can alike be an effective training tool, particularly for the remote areas where public schools do not exist. With FTA technology you do not pay any monthly fees there is only one time expenditure of putting a satellite dish. Free to air satellite technology can help you learn more about(predicate) the different cultures and languages and with the diverse selection of channels you have at your finger tips, there are a variety of things to learn from. in that respect are a number of channels catering to the different languages, like French, Spanish, Arabic and English. We can select the channel of our choice and language.Satellite telephones are another contribute of latest satellite technology. They are called ISAT phones and provide unlimited global connectivity and advance to global data to individual clients, businessmen, travelers and tourists. They use the satellite and GSM network and weak to use and depend on the area and location. IsatPhone can be utilize within Asia, Africa and the Middle East using Inmarsats latest contemporaries l-4 satellite, which are most advanced commercial communications satellites ever launched funding IP data services at broadband speeds and simultaneous voice.a la mode(p) satellite technology is used to track the movement of fishes in the oceans and angered animals on land. The movement of blue tuna fish across the ocean. A pop off sat ellite tag technology is used to examine the Atlantic-wide movements and potential stock overlap of western and eastern Atlantic jack mackerel tuna. This technology is also used to archives data on pissing temperatures. The pop off satellite technology provides data, which is independent of commercial fisheries.Satellite technology also provides position junk trailing. Space satellite admonisher and provide in solveation on and track galore(postnominal) metre pieces of junk. U.S. strategical Command monitors these, which is where the Space Based Space Surveillance gag law 10 satellite comes in. There are estimated 19,000 pieces of junk constantly below the look of the US Strategic Command, many of them the size of a play ball. The new satellite technology hopefully provides significantly more verity when it comes to tracking realizable threats to orbiting platforms. It is will provide an integral tool to heart towards discernment what is going on in the space.Satelli te technology also provides space junk tracking. Space satellite monitors and provides information on and tracks many thousand pieces of junk. U.S. Strategic Command monitors these, which is where the Space Based Space Surveillance Block 10 satellite comes in. There are estimated 19,000 pieces of junk constantly under the eyes of the US Strategic Command, many of them the size of a golf ball. The new satellite technology hopefully provides significantly more accuracy when it comes to tracking possible threats to orbiting platforms. It is will provide an integral tool to watch towards understanding what is going on in the space. There is increased concentrate on on this problem since a U.S. communications satellite collided with a inoperative Russian intelligence platform 500 miles above Siberia in untimely February, resulting in extra 1,000 pieces of orbiting junk being flung in all directions. There is high concern for possible human cost of this type of lead out. Advance satel lite technology is used by U.S. Strategic Command, it is ob process an estimated 13,000 pieces of junk measuring more than 30 feet, and while a barely 100,000 pieces below four inches are also thought to be in constant orbit.New satellite technology in Europe also promises to dramatically lower the costs of satellite bandwidth, potentially bridging the digital discriminate and enabling satellites to deliver TV, internet and telephony services via satellite. It is estimated that nearly 10% of the European population, or 30m people, are too isolated to be cover by landline broadband services and, so far, no practicable solution has presented itself. It is hoped that with this new wifi satellite technology the gap would be filled and hopefully it can be cheaper as well. The Euro funded IMOSAN solved many of the technical hurdles facing widespread satellite adoption for triple-play services. other service, which new satellite technology is exploring is the use of portable satellite antenna.New satellite technology is exploring the possibility to provide use of portable satellite antenna. This internet service helps the military in Afghanistan. W6 satellites are used to serve Afghan market, which also includes soldiers stationed in Afghanistan. It is a broadband service, which offers two-way fast profit access without phone lines, cable or dial-up modem. It is always on line, available virtually anywhere and affordable. Most soldiers deploy to Afghanistan or other remote locations with a laptop in hand and a hook-up to the Internet in their barracks can stay in touch with their family and children, and feel slight cut off from home. Troops in Afghanistan use the Internet a lot for professional tasks and this new satellite technology has helped them to get in touch with many online communities composed of military professionals. This would have not been possible without this new satellite technology.New satellite technology has played an definitive role in d evelopment of digital and online journalism. Improvements and advancements in satellite technology have enabled scientists to produce and transmit images live across various parole mediums from even highly remote areas such as war zones. This form of technology is called Satellite News Gathering Technology or SNG and it uses liquid equipment for news casting. Mobile units are usually vans equipped with advanced, two-way phone and video transmitters and receivers, using dish antennas that can be aimed at fixed satellites

Curbing crime against women

Curbing nuisance against wo men hold back CRIME AGAINST WOMEN INTRODUCTION Despite existence of a number of supernumerary principles for providing protection to women, the proportion of offense against women has deterio yardd. Women continue to be victims of various types of crimes. Although Women whitethorn be victims of any of the crimes much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Murder, Robbery, Cheating, etc, only the crimes which atomic number 18 tell specifi countery against Women atomic number 18 characterised as evils Against Women. These are broadly classified low 2 categories. The hatreds chthonic the Indian Penal Code (IPC) usurpation (Sec. 376 IPC) abduct Abduction for diverse purposes (Sec. 363 373 IPC) Homicide for Dowry, Dowry Deaths or their attempts (Sec. 302/304-B IPC) aberration, both mental and physical (Sec. 498-A IPC) mole institutionalise (Sec. 354 IPC) Sexual curse (Sec. 509 IPC) Importation of girls (upto 21 course of instructions of age) (Sec. 36 6-B IPC) The criminal offences low the redundant Local Laws (SLL)Although all rightfulnesss are not gender specific, the provisions of law affecting women significantly oblige been reviewed periodically and amendments carried come to the fore to keep maltreat with the emerging requirements. The gender specific laws for which crime statistics are recorded passim the country are Immoral Traffic (Prevention) make for, 1956 Dowry ban Act, 1961 The tyke Marriage Restraint (Amendment) Act, 1979 Indepenny Representation of Women ( pa ravishmentt) Act, 1986 military commission of Sati (Prevention) LITERATURE fall overLife in Delhi turns a daily nightmare for women from northeastern virgin DelhiThe capital city of India has become a daily nightmare for women from the north-east of the country who are here to study or for work. A finish study of reports shows that the corporation of contiguously 100,000 pack from the north-eastern recites is at a lower place threat intimately any twenty-four hours, any time of entrancement, molestation, or murder. As many as 16 severe fonts of molestation, rape and early(a) forms of extreme cruelty perpetuated in Delhi against people from the northeastern United estates involve been recorded so far in 2009. And, 4 of these incidents took place in the last two weeks. The worst cases of new atrocities against people from the northeasterly staying in Delhi include the murder by Pushpam Kumar Sinha, 34, of a young girl from Manipur molestation of a girl from Arunachal by civilize boys molestation of a girl from Nagaland and assault on a gibe from Nagaland. On October 24, 2009, Pushpam Sinha, 34, a PhD scholar working at the India upshot of engine room (IIT), Delhi, assaulted and strangled to death Ramchanphy Hongray, the 19- course-old girl who is his neighbour, in her home in southeastern Delhi. The man then burnt the girls face in found to corrupt the patrol. At Sarojini Nagar in Delhi, on October 12, a girl from the North-East was dragged into a van. However, the presence of mind of the victim, who is an employee of a 5-star hotel, saved her life. After the girl embossed a hue and cry, passersby caught hold of atomic number 53 of the assailants and beat him up. On October 17, a couple from Nagaland was assaulted by some young men, who were allegedly drunk, at Safdarjung Enclave. The similar day, a 5-twelvemonth-old girl from the North-East was allegedly molested by her tuition teacher. Earlier, in April 2009, a girl aged 6, was raped and murdered by her neighbour. The girls remains was later fished out from a water tank nearby. These terrifying incidents project prompted YS Dadwal, Delhi Police fiter, to call for a zero-tolerance policy towards any crime pull against women from the North-East. He has ordered that crimes committed against people from the North-East be give top priority, and asked 3 replacement Commissioners from east, south and north Delhi to act as nodal officers for the gum elastic of women. However, many members of the North-East community complain that the guard wealthy person been slow to act. According to Madhu Chandra, spokesman for the North-East Support Centre and Helpline, a religious run pennyre for the youth from the north-eastern nations living in Delhi and the guinea pig Capital domain (NCR), there pull in been several cases of atrocities, but police are doing elfin just well-nigh them and demanded that the Delhi governance act sternly to recrudesce these incidents. About 4,000 students from the North-East take admission to various courses in Delhi University (DU) each year, and for them, every day in Delhi is resembling a nightmare, Madhu Chandra says. A survey conducted by the North-East Support Centre and Helpline has revealed that 86% (or about 86,000) people hailing from the north-eastern fiddle ups and living in Delhi face some sort of discrimination or the other(a) on a daily basis. The North-East Support Centre alleges that nearly fractional the number of women sexually harassed in Delhi and neighbourhood is from the North-East. He says that the northeastward Support Centre and Helpline is flooded with complaints related to sexual harassment. Most members of the north-eastern community are not happy with the police. Kamakshi Sinha, who hails from Assam and doing her undergraduate course in Delhi University, says that that the police circular is just a piece of paper. She complains that people in Delhi call them Chinky and such other derogatory names, and the policemen ridicule them when they go to the police station to lodge a complaint. Another female student of Delhi University says that most girls from the North-East are even scared of approaching the police. Police do not respond to our pleas, and we are treated like outcasts, she laments. Meanwhile, Rahul Gandhi, MP and Congress prevalent secretary, has verbalise he will replete(p)ly cooperate with t he North-East Students compass north in its efforts to balk the change magnitude menace of crime against both men and women the north-eastern states. Rahul Gandhi gave this assurance to a team of members of the North-East Students Union which met him to seek his rear and intervention in the matter. ARTICLE2NCW gives wake-up call to correspond crime against womenPuneet Nicholas Yadav / DNA Thursday, January 15, 2009 227 IST New DelhiIts a cry to check the rise in crime against women across the country, aptly titled, Jaago (wake up). The matter Commission for Women (NCW) plans to soon initiate its nationwide Jaago campaign, to sensitise policemen and civil society about crime against women. The commission will shortly invite representatives of corporates, educational institutions and BPO companies to talk about the safety and security arrangements for women employees. The campaign is likely to be launched on January 16.The ratiocination to initiate the campaign came days after a 22-year-old MBA student was allegedly gang-raped by 10 men in Noida. Girija Vyas, chairperson of the NCW tell, Though the year 2007-2008 was a year of women achievers, it was also the year of crime against women. Horrific cases of rapes and molestation came to light in the year. The NCW received shocking complaints from across the country such as the rape of a 72-year-old woman and some other rape case of a four-year-old girl. The re cent Noida gang-rape incident was equally appalling. on that point is an urgent guide to address the issue of crime against women and the Jaago campaign intends to do that. As incision of the campaign, the NCW is tying up with several schools, NGOs and other groups to spread sentience about frenzy against women. The campaign would also address other issues such as checking harassment of women at workplace, molestation, women safety besides sensitising cops about dealing with women victims and accused. Vyas also agreed that there was a need to educate people in rural areas where theres an immense need to sensitise the people about womens rights and checking violence against women. The NCW chief quoted statistics based on complaints filed with the NCW and records available with the National Crime Records Bureau to establish how crimes against women had been on the rise in the country and specifically in UP.ARTICLE 3RECOVERY FUNDS AVAILABLE TO aid CURB VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, IMPROVE VICTIM SERVICESHARRISBURG, Pa., Sept. 9 The dad Commission on Crime and Delinquency issued the following news dissolve Approximately $4 million in federal American retrieval and Reinvestment Act funding is available to support and strengthen services to women who are victims of violent crime, the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency said today. The fall by the wayside Violence Against Women, or STOP/VAWA, Formula Grant design also works to improve the criminal and juvenile justice dodgings answer to violence against women. Interested applicants, including domestic violence and sexual assault programs, state organizations and counties, may apply through and through PCCDs Egrants system of rules by October 6. Bill to master crime against women soon EXPRESS NEWS SERVICEMUMBAI, JULY 18 The state government will soon bring in a command to curb crime against women, Deputy Chief Minister Chhagan Bhujbal announced in the Legislative Assembly today.Replying to supplementaries over a calling attention cross out go by Sudhir Munguntiwar (BJP) and others on burning of a bank employee Vidya Prabhudesai near Mumbai Central last month, Bhujbal also announced that a military commission of women legislators would be formed to suggest measures for prevention and control of crime against women. A committee headed by Additional Chief Secreatry (Home) M R Patil had prepared drafts of two legislations Maharashtra Women Security Act and Maharashtra Prevention of Harassment of Girls Act. However, it was later de cided to give voice a single comprehensive bill instead of two different bills on the same issue, Bhujbal told the House.Accordingly, the committee has been asked to prepare the draft within two months, he said. Munguntiwar asked if the government would form a committee of the woman MLAs for the purpose. Bhujbal said the government had appointed the Commissioner for Women and pip-squeak Welfare and a representative of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, who were well aware of the problems of women, as members on the committee. Further, the draft of the proposed legislation would be referred to the woman legislators for studying it and the amendments suggested by them would be incorporated. Irked over the reply, Vishakha Raut (Sena) protested against the Deputy Chief Ministers attitude towards women legislators and demanded immediate formation of the committee of women legislators. She was followed by other women members of Sena-BJP, who shouted slogans against the government. F inally, Bhujbal said that the government would fulfil the demand of the women legislators. On an another occasion, members of opposition Sena-BJP rushed to the well protesting against the ruling of the Deputy Speaker Pramod Shende on withdrawing a calling attention notice from the days agenda. The notice was moved by Opposition members on arrest of a person allegedly linked to Lashkar-e-Toyba, a terrorist organisation, in Nanded. Gopinath Munde (BJP) sought to know why the government failed to gather information on the issue on time. Minister of state for home Manikrao Thakre said the notice was also related to arrest of terrorists in Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Since the information from the two neighbouring states was not received, the government requested the presiding officer to take up the notice for discussion on Wednesday. RESEARCH METHODELOGYPRIMEARY entropy samplingI had visited Delhi (west) and interviewed about 30 women (working + college going girls student) from where I came to know about different aspect of crime which are prominent there like rape ,sexual harassment, importation of girls and many more(prenominal) . They also suggested different right smart to stop this or to minimise it. After this I visited 30 more women in same area ask them to fill questioner.SECONDARY DATAReported Incidents of crime (Incidence1,54,333) A tote up of 1,54,333 incidents of crime against women were describe in the country during 2008 as compared to 1,40,601 during 2007 recording 9.8% ontogeny during 2008. These crimes had reported an ontogeny of 1.7% in 2001 over 2000 (from 1,41,373 cases in 2000 to 143,795 cases in 2001) and declined during 2002 and 2003 with 1,43,034 and 1,40,601 cases followed again by an increase during 2004. Andhra Pradesh, news report for nearly 7.3 per cent of the countrys population, has accounted for 12.3% of core incidents of crime against women in the country by reporting 18,921 cases. Uttar Pradesh, with nearly 16.4% share of countrys population has accounted for 10.0% of total crime against women by reporting 15,485 cases during the year. Crime calculate (Crime rate 14.2) The rate of crime has increase by 7.6 per cent from 13.2 during the year 2007 to 14.2 during 2008. Delhi, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh were top three distinguishs in the order of crime rate at 24.1, 24.0 and 23.5 respectively. Crime head-wise analysis (IPC) blow (Incidence18,233 mark1.7) Rape cases have reported mixed trends over last 5 long time with a decrease of 2.5 per cent in 2004 over 2003, an increase of 1.8 per cent in 2005 over 2004, a decrease of 3.2 per cent in the year 2007 over 2006 and substantial increase of 15.0 per cent in the flow rate year. Madhya Pradesh has reported the highest number of Rape cases (2,875) accounting for 15.8% of total such cases reported in the country. However, Tripura has reported the highest crime rate 4.8 as compared to National add up of 1.7. Incest Rape (Incidence505) As compared to 15.0 percent increase in overall Rape cases, Incest cases have change magnitude by 26.5 per cent from 399 cases in 2003 to 505 cases in 2008. Chhattisgarh (78) has accounted for the highest 15.4 per cent of the total such cases reported in the countryRape Victims protrude of 18,233 reported Rape cases in the country, there were 18,239 victims of Rape. Of the total victims of Rape, 8.9% (1,622) were girls under the 15 years of age, while 11.0% (2,008) were teenaged girls (15-18 years). Nearly two- threesome (11,343) (62.2%) were Women in the age-group 19-30 years. 3,189 victims (17.5%) were in the age-group of 31-50 years while only 0.4 per cent (81) were over 50 years of age. Offenders were cognise to the victims in as many as 15,619 (85.6%) cases. Of these, parents/close family members were involved in 3.2% (505 out of 15,619) cases, neighbours were involved in 34.3% cases (5,358 out of 15,619) and relatives were involved in 6.6% (1033 out of 15,619) cases. The State/UT/City-wise details are presented in Kidnapping Abduction (Incidence15,578 Rate1.4) These cases have reported an increase of 17.2 per cent as compared to earlier year (13,296). Uttar Pradesh (2,324) has accounted for 14.9 per cent of the total cases at the National level. Delhi has reported the highest rate at 5.8 as compared to the National average of 1.4. Dowry Deaths (Incidence7,026 Rate0.6) These cases have increased by 13.2% over the previous year (6,208). Out of the total such cases reported in the country around 24.3% cases were reported from Uttar Pradesh (1,708) alone followed by Bihar (1,029) (14.6%). The highest rate of crime (1.2) was, however, reported from Bihar and Madhya Pradesh as compared to the National average of 0.6 only. Torture (Cruelty by Husband Relatives) (Incidence58,121 Rate5.4) Torture cases in the country have increased by 14.6 per cent over the previous year (50,703). 14.4 per cent of these were reported from Andhra Pradesh (8,388). The hi ghest rate at 11.2 was reported from Rajasthan as compared to the National rate at 5.4. molestation (Incidence34,567 Rate3.2) Incidents of Molestation in the country have increased by 4.9 per cent over the previous year (32,939). 19.4% of total such cases were reported from Madhya Pradesh (6,690) which also reported the highest rate (10.3) as compared to the National average of 3.2. Sexual Harassment (Eve Teasing) (Incidence10,001 Rate0.9) The number of such cases has significantly declined by 18.9 per cent over the previous year (12,325). Uttar Pradesh has reported 26.8 per cent of cases (2,682) followed by Andhra Pradesh 23.1 per cent (2,310). Haryana has reported the highest crime rate 3.8 as compared to the National average of 0.9. Importation of Girls (Incidence89) An increase of 93.5% in such cases was reported as 89 cases were reported during the year as compared to 46 cases in the previous year. Jharkhand (36) and Bihar (35) have reported highest number of such cases acc ounting for 40.4% and 39.3% respectively of total such cases at the National level. Crime-head wise analysis (Special Laws) Sati Prevention Act (Incidence0) The practice of Sati is on the wane in modern times. Still sporadically, cases under this Act get reported. However, no such case from any of the State/UT was reported in the country during the year 2008.Dowry Prohibition Act (Incidence3,592 Rate0.3) The cases under this Act have increased by 33.8 per cent as compared to the previous year (2,684). More than one third (34.0%) cases were reported from Bihar (1,220) followed by Orissa (532) which also reported the highest crime at 1.4 as compared to 0.3 at the National level. Crime against Women in Cities (All-India1,54,333 Cities20,492) As per population nosecount 2001, 35 cities having population over 10 lakh were identified as Mega cities. A total of 20,492 cases of crimes against women were reported from these 35 cities as compared to 19,573 cases in the year 2003 reportin g an increase of 4.7 per cent. The rate of crime in cities at 19.0 was comparatively higher as compared to the National rate of 14.2 Among 35 cities, Delhi (3,334) has accounted for 16.3 per cent of total crimes followed by Hyderabad (1,978) (9.7%). The crime rate was significantly higher in Vijayawada (109.5) city as compared to all-cities rate of 19.0 only. Delhi city has accounted for 30.3% of Rape cases, 33.3% of Kidnapping Abduction cases, 19.8% of Dowry Deaths and 18.3% of Molestation cases, 14.8% of Cruelty By Husband Relatives among 35 cities. Faridabad of Haryana has reported 17.8% of Eve-Teasing cases (434 out of 2,434 cases). It is worthwhile mentioning that Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Hyderabad and Mumbai were more vigilant in curbing these crimes as more cases under Special Laws Local Acts were schedule in these cities. 32.3 per cent (422 out of 1,907) of cases under Immoral Traffic (P) Act and 79.4 per cent (247 out of 311) of Dowry Prohibition Act cases wer e booked in Bangalore city alone. 20.5 per cent (392 out of 1907) cases in Chennai, 13.4 per cent (255 out of 1907) cases in Coimbatore and 12.1 per cent (231 out of 1907) cases in Mumbai were booked under Immoral Traffic (P) Act. Similarly, 80.3 per cent (297 out of 370) cases under uncomely Representation of Women (P) Act were booked under Hyderabad City only. The increase in cases booked under SLL represent preventive policing of State/UT police. tutelage this in view, an attempt has also been made to analyse the Crime Against Women by excluding SLL crimes i.e. Sati STEP TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT Transitional Housing aid platform Grants For ill-used Women-Victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence and still hunt i.e. women now can get adequate relief through the presidential terms space on Violence Against Women (OVM) having twofold motive to curtail violence against women and be given justice for and invigorate services to these victimized women. OVM accom plishes this intention through exploitation and assisting the capacity and capability of tribal, local, state and non-profit organizations relate in addressing violence Grants And fighter Grants Provided To Stop Violence Against Women-The STOP Violence against Women Formula Grant Program was constituted with an aim to uphold integrated and multidisciplinary approach to improve reply of the criminal justice system with respect to violent crimes against women. Under this program, good law enforcement and prosecution strategies are encouraged to develop and strengthen their policies and procedures to curb violent crimes against women. Grant Programs To Stop Violence Against Women -United States government statistics revealed the most sonorous picture one in every four women becoming fair game of domestic violence and approximately 1.3 million women have been physically assaulted by her intimate partner. alone women in rural areas facing sexual assault, domestic or other kinds of violence are more vulnerable than their counterparts in cities.Opportunities For Indian Tribal Government To Avail Grants-Grants for the Indian Tribal Government Program are formulated to empower tribes to respond to violent crimes against Indian women, ensure safety of the victims and develop their education and preventive strategies. The Indian tribal governments or their original designees are provided with the grants enabling them to initiate actions and programs on awareness about increasing level of domestic violence and sexual assault against American women and Alaska inherent women.Financial Aids To Reduce Violence Against Women -The STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grant Program was constituted with an aim to encourage integrated and multidisciplinary approach to improve response of the criminal justice system with respect to violent crimes against women. Under this program, efficacious law enforcement and prosecution strategies are encouraged to develop and strengt hen their policies and procedures to curb violent crimes against womenGrants To Help Victimized Rural WomenUnited States government statistics revealed the most grueling picture one in every four women becoming target of domestic violence and approximately 1.3 million women have been physically assaulted by her intimate partner. But women in rural areas facing sexual assault, domestic or other kinds of violence are more vulnerable than their counterparts in cities. Rural women have to face many hurdles while receiving assistance even service providers have to face barriers in the different form.Us Government Grants To Indian Tribal Governments Program-Grants for the Indian Tribal Government Program are formulated to empower tribes to respond to violent crimes against Indian women, ensure safety of the victims and develop their education and preventive strategies. The Indian tribal governments or their authorized designees are provided with the grants enabling them to initiate action s and programs on awareness about increasing level of domestic violence and sexual assault against American women and Alaska native women. DATA ANALYSISBy studying the primary and secondary information the situation of crime against women is analysed as given below Crime Head-wise Incidents of Crime Against Women during 2004-2008 and Percentage reading in 2007 over 2008 TABLE-1Crime head Rape Kidnapping Abduction Dowry Death Torture Molestation Sexual Harassment Importation of Girls Sati Prevention Act Immoral Traffic (P) Act uncomely Rep. of Women (P) Act Dowry Prohibition Act 2004 16496 15023 6995 45778 32940 11024 64 0 9515 662 2876 2005 16075 14645 6851 49170 34124 9746 114 0 8796 1052 3222 2006 16373 14506 6822 49237 33943 10155 76 0 6598 2508 2816 2007 15847 13296 6208 50703 32939 12325 46 0 5510 1043 2684 2008 18233 15578 7026 58121 34567 10001 89 0 5748 1378 3592 %variation 15.0 17.1 13.2 14.6 4.9 -18.8 93.5 4 .3 32.1 33.8 Total141373 143795 143034 140601 154333 9.8 TABLE-2Proportion of Crime Against Women (IPC) towards total IPC crimes Sl.No Year Total IPC Crimes Crime Against women (IPC cases) Percentage to total IPC crimes 1 2 3 4 5 2003 2004 2005 2006-2007 2007-200817,71,084 17,69,308 17,80,330 17,16,120 18,32,015 1,28,320 1,30,725 1,31,112 1,31,364 1,43,615 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.8 SUGESSIONS Measures needed to curb Crime against Women The Government of India have to deeply concerned with these trends and ground situation and have to re-emphasized that urgent action should be interpreted on the following-1.Vigorously enforce the existing legislation relating to Crime against Women and Children, i.e.,DowryProhibition Act, 1961, Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956, Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986, Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 and Violence against Women (Prevention) Act, 2005, Section 67 of the IT Act, 2000, the display of lascivious photographs/films on computer through internet,etc.2. The administration and police should play a more proactive role in detection and investigation of crime against women and ensuring that there is no under reporting.3. Increasing the overall image of women in police forces.The representation of women in police at all levels should be increased through affirmative action so that they constitute about 33% of the police.4. sensitizing the law enforcement machinery towards crime against women by way of well structured formulation programmes, meetings and seminars etc., for police personnel at all levels as well as other functionaries of the criminal justice system.5. For improving general awareness on legislations, mechanisms in place for safety and protection of women, the concerned department of the State Government must, inter-alia, take following stepsCreate awareness through print and electronic mediaDevelop a community monitoring syste m to check cases of violence, abuse and exploitation and take necessary steps to curb the sameInvolving the Community at large in creating and spreading such awareness andOrganize legal literacy and legal awareness camps.Explore the gap of associating NGOs working in the area of combating crime against women. Citizens groups and NGOs should be encouraged to increase awareness about gender issues in society and help bring to light violence against women and also assist the police in the investigation of crime against women.Close coordination between the police and the NGOs dealing with the interests of women may be ensured.There should be no delay whatsoever in registration of fir in all cases of crime against women.8.All out efforts should be made to hope all the accused named in the FIRimmediately so as to generate sanction in the victims and their family memberCases should be thoroughly investigated and charge sheets against the accused persons should be filed within three mon ths from the date of occurrence, without compromising on the quality of investigation.Speedy investigation should be conducted in heinous crimes like rape. The medical examination of rape victims should be conducted without delay.Ensure proper supervisions at appropriate level of cases of crime against women from the recording of FIR to the disposal of the case by the competent court.Help-line numbers game of the crime against women cells should be exhibited prominently in hospitals/schools/colleges premises, and in other able places.12. Set up exclusive Crime Against Women and Children desk in each police station and the Special Women police cells in the police stations and all women policethanaas needed.The specialized Sexual Assault Treatment Units could be developed in government hospitals having a large maternity section.The Health department of the StateGovts., should go under up Rape CrisisCentres(RCCs) and specialized Sexual Assault Treatment Units (SATUs), at

Impact Of Organisational Culture In The Hairdressing Sector Commerce Essay

stir Of Organisational horti assimilation In The Hairdressing Sector Commerce Es set upCulture is quite difficult to define, when we speak of assimilation we know what it is and what / how it is manifested in an cheek provided a clear, unambiguous definition eludes us This is be begin nuance has incompatible meanings, depending on life experiences, background, religion, belief and values.Nonetheless(prenominal), on that point ar several powerful writers on finishing including Hofstede, Trompenaars, Hampden Turner, Schein, Ouchi, Schneider and Barsoux, Deal and Kennedy and Handy, whose work is still recognised in contemporary governing bodys.However, Handy, described kitchen-gardening in judicatures as the way we do things around here. These things atomic number 18 accepted norms and values of an boldness, developed over magazine into expected behaviour patterns. They generally emanate from top management level of the Organisation exactly this is non alship canal t he case (Managing in Organisation, ABE determine Manual, 2008).Even though it is reasonable to infer that agri elaboration stack fascinate behaviour, this family blood is over-simplified by unafraid farming models.According to Guy S. Saffold, III, (1988), if interrogationers be to precisely examine the contact betwixt agri agriculture and writ of executions, they essential task other internal changees that affect execution of instrument.Although, the lit on organisational culture and its correlation with backing proceeding is rich and diverse, thither argon just a few empirical studies that profoundly explored this relationship. further more(prenominal), these studies simply foc employ on the impingement on culture on spiritualist to large organisation but few or little has focused specifically on low businesses in the hair grease sector.For this reason, this calculate will seek toAssess organisational culture using several suppositious frameworksEvaluate if on that point is a link amidst organisational culture and performance in small hairdressing businesses key out the advantages and disadvantages of having a signifi heapt culture in hairdressing business macrocosmIt is non the physically powerful, hasty and to the highest degree ferocious who survive. It is the most pliant Charles DarwinOrganisations operate in a very unpredictable milieu thereof survival depends on the organisations ability to exploit resources collaborate and adjust. There ar extensive demonstrations (Kotter and Heskitt, 1992) that reinforced cultures support performance by creating value to stakeholders do consistency and high quality goods and services.Deshpand and Webster (1989) by exploring several studies in organisational behavior, sociology, and anthropology, delimitate organisational culture as a pattern of divided values and beliefs that tutelage individuals understand organisational run shorting and thus provide them with the norms fo r behavior in the organisation (p. 4). Following these and other authors (e.g., Chatman and Jehn, 1994), organisational culture is idealualized and quantified in terms of wide sh are and strongly held values. The elements of organisational culture range from basic assumptions through values and behavioral norms to actual patterns of behavior (Rousseau, 1990). Values typically act as the specify elements of a culture, and norms, symbols, rituals, and other cultural activities revolve around them (Enz 1988). When the members of a neighborly unit share values, an organisational culture or value system can be said to exist (Weiner 1988).According to (Denison, 1984), if an organisation possesses a strong culture by exhibiting a headspring-integrated and good set of specific values, beliefs, and behaviors, wherefore it will perform at a higher level of productivity.On the other hand (Kotter Heskitt 1992) concluded that the statement that a strong culture is the basis for outstan ding performance appears to be incorrect.Burt et al (1999) agreed with Kotter and Heskitt to an achievement but carried their analysis further. They suggest that the relationship surrounded by culture and performance depends upon the degree of aspiration. Their research showed that culture is historic depending on the belligerentness of the marketplace. They believed that market and culture go hand in hand. If firms have low rivalry in the market then strong culture is non an advantage. Furthermore in some markets where there is competition there is still no correlation between culture and performance.Equally, (Sorenson, 2002) believed that strong cultures practically hinders flexibility which is mandatory for survival especially during sporadic transformations, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as we face currently, organisations with strong culture are most often crippled by their bear organisational DNA.Whether or not culture is an economical advantage depends upo n the market situation. In the retail sector, culture whitethorn be a competitive asset. In a multifaceted market, culture appears to have no effect on economic performance (Douglas N. Ross, 2002).It all depends.However, gaining a profound consciousness of culture is essential in order to find out whether there is a link between organisational culture and performance. The next chapter begins with an overview of culture.An overview of organisational cultureThe term organisational culture was used for the first time in the academic literature by Pettigrew in 1979 in the journal Administrative Science Quarterly. Organisational culture was used to explain the economic successes of Japanese firms over American firms by motivating workers who were committed to a common set of core values, beliefs and assumptions (Denison, 1984). One of the most important reasons that explain the beguile in organisational culture is the assumption that genuine organisational cultures lead to an increas e in organisational financial performance. According to Peters and skimmer (1982) triple-crown organisations possess certain cultural traits of excellence. Ouchi (1981) showed a positive relationship between organisational culture and productivity.We have seen many definitions of culture, earlier in the analysis, however, Edgar Scheins defined organisational culture more specifically as the basic assumption and beliefs that are shared by members of an organisation, that operates unconsciously and define in a basic taken-for-granted approach, the deed that build ups over time. In other words, culture is some that which is taken for granted but nonetheless contributes to how group of deal respond and deliver in relations to the issues they face. It therefore has important act upons on the development and remove of organisational strategy (Johnson and Scholes, 2008).According to Johnson and scholes (2008) , the culture of an organisation is often concevied as consisting of qu adruple layers which would be disucussed in Fig.1.below.Fig.1The four layers as described by Johnson and Scholes (2008) areFirstly, values are easily identifiable in an organisation, and are often documented statements about an organisation mission, objectives or strategies. However, they can be vague.Secondly, beleifs are more specific but again they can typically be discerned in how people talk about issues in the organisation.Thirdly, behaviors are the daylight to day way in which an organistion operates and can be seen by people both inside the organisation. This includes the work routines, how the organisation is structured and controlled and softer issues around emblematical behaviors. at long last, taken for granted assumption or paradigms are the core of an organsational culture. They are the facets of an organisations life which people find difficult to identify and explain. The paradigm can underpin successful strategies by providing a basis of common understanding in an organisation, but can in addition be a major(ip) problem (Johnson and Scholes, 2008).Similar conceptions of culture are offered by Dandridge et al. (1980), Pettigrew (1979), as easily as Trice and Beyer (1984). Schein (1990) suggests that cultures are created through the way organisations have reacted to important incidents in the past and have thus evolved certain norms, as well as through the identification of organisational members with their leaders. As such, organisational cultures are perpetuated through the process of socialization of young members into the organisation.Hofstede (1980) identified four dimensions of organisational culture power distance, dubiety avoidance, individualism /collectivism and masculinity / femininity. Later, Hofstede (1998238) defined organisational culture as a concept that has the following features holistic (describing the synergy) historically determined (reflecting the past,) related to the things such a customs and symbols, (these are st udied by anthropologist). socially constructed (moulded and preserve by the collection of individuals who collectively form the organisation) soft, and difficult to change.This overview on culture provides useful insight in understanding culture from a theoretical standpoint which would be useful in this research analysis.Literature redirect examinationIt is arguable that the academic acceptance of culture, without the usual bickering and scepticism associated with new concepts, is a major indication of the perceived importance of the concept (Alvesson, 1990). However, this is not to infer that there is consensus on the meaning and relevance of the concept. On the contrary, there is widespread disagreement on the definition and scope of the organisational culture concept (Ogbonna and Harris, 1998a).However, the link between organisational culture and high performance in an organisation has been very debateable because there is little empirical evidence to suggest a direct link bet ween culture and an organisational performance especially in small businesses. Of course failure to establish an empirical link does not mean that no such link exists. According to (Skldberg, 1990), empirical area in the area is very difficult to carry out. Not scarce is culture difficult to capture but so is performance.While it has been suggested that culture accounts for the economic performance of various countries (Hofstede, 1980 Hofstede and Bond, 1988), the idea of corporate culture also serves to provide a basis for understanding the differences that may exist between successful companies operating in the same national culture (Schein, 1990). Peters and Waterman (1982), for example, believed that successful organisations possess certain cultural traits of excellence. Ouchi (1981) presented a similar relationship between corporate culture and increased productivity, while (Deal and Kennedy 1982) argued that the performance of an organisation is dependent on the degree to wh ich the values of the culture are widely shared, that is, are strongNevertheless, the claim that organisational culture is linked to performance is founded on the perceived role that culture can play in generating competitive advantage (Scholz, 1987).Reed and DeFillippi, (1990) added that sustainable competitive advantage arises from the creation of organisational competencies which are both superior and imperfectly imitable by competitors.Similarly, (Bryan Adkins, 2004) suggests that culture does matter, and a strong, effective culture will outperform a weak culture either time.In a take up done by (Coogan Partners Apos, 2005) they concluded also that companies who out-perform their competitors have specific cultural differences.Early researchers who link culture to organisational performance are unequivocal in their claims. An illustration of this is derived from the works, (Deal and Kennedy, 1982 Ouchi, 1981 Pascale and Athos, 1981 Peters and Waterman, 1982) who argue that su ccessful organisations are distinguished by their ability to promote cultural values which are consistent with their chosen strategies. Although this view met with initial popularity in the 1980s, the principal tenets of the line of merchandise have been subjected to extensive criticism from writers such as (Legge, 1994 Ogbonna, 1993 Willmott, 1993).By the 1990s, researchers assessing the relate between culture and performance were more cautious. For example, Gordon and DiTomaso (1992) and Denison (1990) both propose that there is a link between certain organisational culture characteristics and performance but each add a number of conditions. In particular, they note that culture will remain linked with superior performance only if the culture is able to adapt to changes in environmental conditions. Besides, the culture must not only be strong as suggested by writers such as Deal and Kennedy 1982, Ouchi, 1981 and Peters and waterman, 1982) but it must also have unique qualities w hich cannot be imitated. However, more recently, it has been suggested that the relationship between culture and performance, is fragile (Ogbonna and Harris Leadership expressive style organisational culture and performance 769 (Hop et al., 1992 Lewis, 1994 Lim, 1995 Ray, 1986 Willmott, 1993).Sorenson, (2002) argued that continuous change such as we confrontation presently, strong cultured organisations are most often crippled by their own organisational DNA.According to (Dean Mcfarlin), when organisation with well-defined culture is operating in somewhat steady milieu, their core competences and strategies are in alignment with the business objectives. In such environments, well structured cultures enable an organisation to function like new machines, sailing down by outstanding performance. That said, if the environment becomes highly unstable, companies must become innovative and efficiently exploit resources to stomach on top. However, companies with well-built cultures may f ind it difficult to adapt to such extremely unpredictable situation. A well-defined culture makes it easy for employees to clutch onto the quick status quo and, simultaneously, less involuntary and enthusiastic about exploring new ways of performing the task. The underlying principle is that a strong organisational culture may be something of a two-fold sword. When you believe in the existing culture of the organisation, it becomes firmly to replace them with new ideas even if it a source of competitive disadvantage. just about researchers believed that strong cultures may, however, impose a level of perceptual constancy on organisations, and such stability has mixed implications for performance.Denison and Mishra (1995) found that stability traits such as a firms mission, consistency, and normative integration, were related to its profitability. Specifically, organisations with strong cultures had greater returns on investments, but only in the short run after three years the r elationship between cultural consistency and performance became negative (Denison, 1990).Sorensen found that strong culture organisations were more financially successful in stable environments and less successful in dynamic environments. Thus, while cultural strength and stability may enhance organisational performance in the short run and in stable environments, they may also inhibit an organisations ability to change, adapt, or innovate.Finally it is not possible to say that organisational culture in general or a specific type of culture has a clear and unbiased effect on performance but this does not mean that there is no connection between culture (however defined) and performance on a general level there certainly is. Whipp et al. (1989 582) believed that elements of culture may leave vital links between the rational aspects of policy and the subjective, less patent features of employees behaviour exactly because of the way values pervade an enterprise. Propositions of how culture brings about distinct outcomes, however, often seem problematic. Either the causal link is forged and uncertain or it is difficult to separate culture from outcome. Some of the authors tough in some depth above (Schein and Louis), run into problems when they claim correlations between organisational culture and what they treat as other elements.However it is difficult, even misleading, to say that the culture as a whole has been a significant cause of financial returns.Despite the claims for a link between organisational culture and performance is very rich and diverse, few studies appear to have actually examined the human beings as well as the nature of this relationship. Strong cultures and its influence on performance are questionable in the current dynamic environment, also some theorists query the universality of a culture-performance link.Research design and methodologyThe subject of organisational culture and its influence on performance has attracted extensive interest from many scholars, students and researchers alike, but their interest has focused extensively on medium to large businesses but little has focused directly on the influence of organisational culture on the performance of small businesses, hence my interest in the subject matter.This research would be conducted using both primary and unessential research methods of data collection. The primary method proposed is semi-structured interview and the secondary methods would be text books and journal articles.After careful analysis of past literature on culture and performance, qualitative research design such as interview was clearly appropriate. Consequently, a sample of 30 businesses in the hairdressing industry would be selected via the utilisation of a systematic random extract procedure with appropriate units to be selected on a diversity of criteria, including bon ton turnover, date of registration, and number of employees.In order to limit potential measuring stick error, responses would be infallible from key Personnel, knowledgeable in a variety of tactical and strategic activities (Bowman andAmbrosini, 1997 Snow and Hrebiniak, 1980 Hambrick, 1981 Nayyar, 1992).Undeniably, a plethora of prescriptive articles and books such as Alan Bryan Emma Bell (2003) Business Research Methods, proposed useful suggestions on effective research design, formulation and execution which would be helpful in this research and as a result improve content validity and reliability and most importantly covers ethical issues associated with research.The efficient and effective administration and performance of the research method (semi-structured interview) is key and the researcher is aware that this could influence the general success of data generation and the achievement of satisfactory responses (Dillman, 1978 Churchill, 1991 Faria and Dickinson, 1992).A fell study will be carried out to pre-test the research instrument (Baker 1994 182-3). The study would be undertaken because it would establish whether the sampling frame and technique is correct.Semi-structured interview would be used this would allow questioning to be guided as is required also many points that needed to be made clearer would be done much more easily than in something like a mail-clad questionnaire (Frey and Oishi 199503). However, according to (Breakwell, Hammond and Fife-Schaw 1995238) this technique heavily relies on the respondent being willing to give accurate and complete answers. Additionally, it gives the freedom to explore general views or opinions in more detail. On the other hand this method would be very time consuming and expensive.Finally a tape record-keeper would also be used so that the data could be referred to at a later date and thus make the analysis more reliable.ConclusionNowadays, organisations operate in a dynamic environment and they must learn to adapt in order to survive.According to the literature look back some researchers such as (O uchi, 1981) believed that a strong culture is linked to high performance in an organisation. Whereas, Writers such (Kotter Heskitt 1992) concluded that the statement that, well-built culture produce outstanding performance emerge to be completely incorrect. around interestingly, the culture-performance relationship is seen as a two-fold sword (Dean Mcfarlin).On completion of this project there would be light on whether there is an organisational culture-performance link in small hairdressing businesses.ReferencesBryan, Alan Bell Emma (2003) Business Research Methods Oxford University Press fresh York.Johnson, Gerry, Scholes, Kevan Whittington, Richard (2008) Exploring CorporateStrategy Text and Cases 8th Edition Pearson Education containAssociation of Business Executives study manual, Managing in Organisation, 2008 ABE RRCAdkins, Bryan, Sr., and Stewart, Cindy, 2004 Shift Organisational Culture to cleanse Organisational Performance, viewed on twenty-ninth January, 2010Mcfarli n, Dean 2002, Strong culture can be double-edged sword, Dayton Business Journal, viewed on the 3rd February, 2010http//www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/management-corporate-Culture/5462715-1.html viewed on 29th January, 2010http//www.denisonconsulting.com/Libraries/Resources/Adkins-2004-Shift-Culture.sflb.ashx, viewed on 29th January, 2010http//www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/aeo9702.html, viewed on 29th January, 2010http//www.culturestrategyfit.com, viewed on 29th January, 2010http//marketing.byu.edu/htmlpages/ccrs/proceedings99/webster.htm, viewed on 29th January, 2010http//www.jstor.org/pss/258374, viewed on 29th January, 2010The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, No. 4 (Oct., 1988), pp. 546-558 (article consists of 13 pages), viewed on 29th January, 2010http//www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-17520695/examining-organizational-culture-and.html, viewed on 29th January, 2010http//steconomice.uoradea.ro/anale/volume/2008/v4-management-marketing/057.pdf, viewed o n 2nd February, 2010

A History Of The British Labour Party Politics Essay

A History Of The British push company regime EssayThe labor company is a political party in Great Britain that is just about 110 years old. The party was make in 1900 as an outgrowth of the trade union movement and to stir Parliaments interests. The reason the elbow grease Party wanted Parliament changed was because the people who organise the party matte up that Parliament was not representing the interests of everybody in Britain. The people who felt neglected by Parliament were hard working people, socialists, and unionists. During the early stages, the crunch party struggled to make an immediate impact in Britains political administration and the partys leaders had to do something about their struggle. The tasks leaders worked with Liberal Governments during 1906-1914 to help themselves gather in some form of political ground. The Liberal parties eventually split in 1916 and the Labour Party saw this as a perfect hazard to obtain power. The 1918 pick proved a pivo tal point for the Labour Party and even though they did not win the oecumenic election, they came a elan(predicate) with one-quarter of the vote. The reason the 1918 election was so successful for the Labours was because of World War I coming to an end and the growth of womens suffrage. On December 6, 1923, the Labour Party won the common election and finally reached the study political property for the first time in its partys history. The party only held accountability for a few months under Ramsay MacDonald, and failed to get reelected for a second barrier. A of import reason for the party not getting reelected was because of the Zinoviev letter. The letter was published in British press stating that there were connections between Russian Communists and the Labour Party. repayable to anti-communism in Great Britain, the Labours lost the 1924 election as well as 40 seats in the House of Commons. The Zinoviev letter later morose out to be forgery, but the damage was alrea dy done to the Labour Party.The Labour Party would rebound later in 1929, but the major election they won came in 1945. The crucial election followed after the twinkling World War. When the war ended in May 1945, Winston Churchill called for a general election a few months later in July. The Labour Party was running under the slogan of Let Us Face the Future, and its message was that Britain cannot return to poverty and unemployment like the 1930s. The Labour Party also promised to leave out disease, want, squalor, ignorance, and unemployment. The Labours ended up winning in a landslide and this presented the party with the opportunity of making significant changes for Great Britain. After the crucial election in 1945, the Labour Party once again was elected in 1950 and this marked the first time in the Partys history where they won square(a) elections.Following the 1950 election, the Labour Party would only be in office for around 14 years till 1997. The Conservative Party rul e the general elections, winning troika consecutive terms in 1951-1959 and quartet consecutive terms in 1979-1992. This was a result of internal bit of the Labour Party and as a consequence, people detached from the party to form the Social Democratic Party in 1981. All of these effects left the Labour Party out of dominance for nearly trio decades and would not come back to power until Labour Party medical prognosis Tony Blair was up for election. Blair had become the party leader in 1994 and won the 1997 general election in a landslide. Blairs term was also called the New Labour because it was seen as a separation from the old Labour for having different policies much(prenominal) as one known as the Third Way. The New Labour term was proven to be the right fit for Blair because he won the next two elections and this became the Labour Partys first time winning three consecutive elections. Blair did not become very popular with Great Britain and its citizens because of his be aring on the Iraq War. Blair ended up resigning on June 27, 2007 and Gordon Brown was handed the summit Minister position after Blairs resignation. Gordon Brow was the Chancellor of the Exchequer during Blairs term as Prime Minister of Great Britain. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is a Cabinet position responsible for all economic and financial matters. The providence was one of the main concerns for both Blair and Brown, but Blair had to overcome Thatcherism and implement a new strategy for fixing the economy.There were many ideological platforms that Blair ran during the 10 years of being Prime Minister, but one of the main ones was reworking the economy. The way Blair

Hitlers Rise To Power :: essays research papers fc

The name Hitler stirs up many emotions inside the hearts of people. What could create made Hitler so hostile towards the Jews? Could it have been his unhappy childhood, frustrated adolecsnce, his aesthetic disappointment, rejection from the Jewish society or merely the wound he veritable on the front during World War I. Adolf Hitler or the incarnation of domineering evil became dictator of Germany in 1933 and prepared his nation for war and a Final Solution to the Jewish problem. Hitler posed a heavy(p) threat to democracy and redefined the meaning of evil for eternity. Hitlers undeniable curse for Jews crushed his dream of a third Reich and only created more(prenominal) anguish, and rancor among the people of Germany.World War I was a great derogation to the German people. Despair increased as the army returned to a fall in country. Millions of Germans could not find work, and a weak republic had replaced the defeated Germany. The German people were humiliated and full of distress. They were looking for many ways to repossess their dignity and pride, but little did they know that things would get much worse. The rainwater of inflation fell on the just and the unjust alike(Flood 313) By 1923, Germany was facing deep troubles. There was major inflation and the majority of the existence was poverty stricken. Problems were beginning to escalate while Germany was in a drab economic state, shops were closing and, no 1profits in fruit resulted in vast unemployment. Hungry and miserable the people turned to Hitler. He was a skillful schemer, politician, and organizer. This was Hitlers opportunity to preach amongst the German people. Hitler preached German superiority, more precisely to the Aryan race. Since the country was in total and complete sanatorium after the war, and was forced to pay billions of dollars in reparations, the German people axiom some sort of hope in Hitler. Germany lost a larger amount of its territory. The Empire was no more. Hitler saw an opportunity and moved to cargo area it (Alexandria 75). When he took power the economy was basically non existent. Hitler did not believe in total truth, instead he relied on halve truths, and big lies. For simulation he believed that the Jews were a sub -human race, that should be treated terribly and be completely disposed of. The German Workers Party appea direct to Hitler even though they were small, disorganized, and led by a group of misfits.

Effectiveness of Non-Executive Directors Essay -- Senior Management, N

The metier of non-executive directors is becoming to be seen as critical for the contribution to the military strength of corporate governance in providing investor protection.Relevant situational and sectoral experience enhances the effectiveness of non-executive directors. Jebb (1998) cited in Ahwireng-Obeng, Mariano and Viedge (2005) suggests that it is a better strategy to hire non-executive directors who have experience in similar as well as other sectors and situations that the company is promising to face than search for a particular expertise in a director. According to Pincombe (2000), this enables the utilisation of specialist skills in different fields and the broadening of experience (Ahwireng-Obeng, Mariano and Viedge, 2005).To a certain extent, the tenure of service also has intrusion on the effectiveness of non-executive directors. Feldman (1992) is of the view that a board that services a business well today may not be drug-addicted to lead it five years from no w as markets and products evolve. Therefore, the appointments of non-executive directors should be for a specific term and modernistic elements should be appointed as and when needed. virtuoso suggestion is that by serving for more than ten years, the board member tends to become in like manner close to senior management to provide documental oversight (Ahwireng-Obeng, Mariano and Viedge, 2005). However, this could provide the in-depth knowledge and institutional memory that a new board member has to work hard to acquire (Fleming, 1998 cited in Ahwireng-Obeng, Mariano and Viedge, 2005).As for the selection and appointment, good boards do not just happen they are carefully constructed working teams (Vennat, 1995). In other words, it is by selecting and developing enamor indiv... ...m their duties, particularly those sitting on the Nominations mission, Remuneration Committee and Audit Committee on an irregular basis, meeting only a few propagation a year (Pass, 2008). Due to limited time of involvement, non-executive directors could be too remote from internal decision-making processes to make an effective contribution and lack of information. The effectiveness of non-executive directors would be undermining when they are uninformed about the challenges they face. Hurley (2000) cited in Ahwireng-Obeng, Mariano and Viedge (2005) suggests that making the avocation list of information available to non-executive directors can contribute to their focus and productiveness board policies, committee guidelines, board minutes, authority annotations, contract summaries, organisational charts, member surveys and analyses, and plan or project analyses.

Catch 22 and a few good men :: essays papers

Catch 22 and a few dear menCatch-22 is a allegory almost the Second World War. It is stage on the island of Pianosa, which is off the coast of Italy. It is set in the end of the state of war while the Germans are on the run and being pushed out of Italy. The accommodate focuses on a bomb congregation, more specifically a squadron in which a bombardier named Yossarian is assigned to. Yossarian is very upset because all these people he doesnt even know (the Germans) are trying to kill him. The novel is very hard to understand because of the way it is written. It is helpful in books about the military to have a time-date group so you know what is discharge on. This book doesnt have that and is so full of flash backs and flash-forwards that it make my head spin. It wasnt poorly written but it was hard follow. It has umpteen technical errors such as having helicopters for search and rescue while helicopters werent used in military service until the Korean War. The ch ronicle is a good one but paints a picture of military lifespan as a joke almost. Most of the servicemen in this book had no discipline and did pretty much as they pleased. Yossarian goes through the whole story trying to get out of his squadron and go home. His problem is the commander of the group keeps raising the number of missions required to fly before the rotate home. all time he gets close the raise the number on him again. finished it all he tries all these schemes to get sent home he acts sick and tries to act crazy. When he tries to acts crazy he thinks that he has a perfect plan to get sent home since thither was a control that anyone who was crazy was unfit to serve in the rigors of combat, but the rule said they had to ask to be grounded. When he goes to get himself grounded he discovers there is a catch. Catch-22 says that anyone who asks to be grounded is not crazy because recognizing danger is the process of a rational mind and anyone with a rational min d is not crazy. That is the main(prenominal) story line of the book.

Oriental Art :: essays research papers fc

eastern Art eastern Art is very unique and interesting. It is based on life all(a) around them, nature.In Hsuan-ho hua pu classifies images in ten groupsh Taoist and Buddhist (tao shih)h Human affairs (jen wu)h Places and another(prenominal) buildings (kung shih)h Foreign tribes (fan tsu)h Dragons and fishes (lung yu)h Landscapes (shan shui)h Animals (chu shou)h F unhorses and birds (hua niao)h Ink Bamboos (mo chu)h Vegetables and fruits (su kuo)This religious art, including portrayals of gods, stands at the vanguard of the list and is followed by a group of word-paintings including portraits of legendary heroes. Group terzetto and four as well as relate to men, while group five includes that nous of moral virtue, the dragon. thus far the didactic value of the remaining categories is less apparent, and for this close they occupy the lower half of the list.The category of Chinese painting called flowers and birds (hua niao) is to well-nigh extent blood-related with Europe an still-life painting in subject matter, further spiritually the ii have little or nothing in common. In chinaware especially, this trait long exposelived the primitive stage of compassionate culture whole sophisticated form of picture- making. As a result, the impost of Sung Chinese flower-and-bird painting made itself felt though out Asia.Among the Chinese themselves, flower-and-bird painting is a major form of pictorial expression, which for thousands of historic period has exercise their aesthetic imagination to extent comparable with, say, our European nude. meeting place of Birds can better(p) be described in Rowlands end pointinology V a habitat group with a painted drab cloth. For despite the ravisher of its execution, it is as airless as a typeface in most provincial museum of natural history, in which someone has try to provide, for its palpably dead(a) occupants, a realistic setting of seashore, marsh, or tropical savannah.Paintings of bamboos are entere d to a lower place the heading mo chu, or ink bamboo. This term does not however mean bamboo painting done solely in monochrome ink it also implies that brush and ink are use in recognizably calligraphic way, and not merely to build up forms by describing bound lines. Paintings of bamboo done by means of outline (kou li) were not admitted as a separate category in Chinese painting nor, theoretically at least, can be classified as mo chu. A effectuate of bamboo has objective existence as a perceptual experience before it has been painted, whereas a written character has none.Oriental Art essays research papers fc Oriental ArtOriental Art is very unique and interesting. It is based on life all around them, nature.In Hsuan-ho hua pu classifies paintings in ten groupsh Taoist and Buddhist (tao shih)h Human affairs (jen wu)h Places and other buildings (kung shih)h Foreign tribes (fan tsu)h Dragons and fishes (lung yu)h Landscapes (shan shui)h Animals (chu shou)h Flowers and birds (hua niao)h Ink Bamboos (mo chu)h Vegetables and fruits (su kuo)This religious art, including portrayals of gods, stands at the head of the list and is followed by a group of paintings including portraits of legendary heroes. Group three and four also relate to men, while group five includes that fountainhead of moral virtue, the dragon. However the didactic value of the remaining categories is less apparent, and for this reason they occupy the lower half of the list.The category of Chinese painting called flowers and birds (hua niao) is to some extent cognate with European still-life painting in subject matter, yet spiritually the two have little or nothing in common. In China especially, this trait long outlived the primitive stage of human culture completely sophisticated form of picture- making. As a result, the tradition of Sung Chinese flower-and-bird painting made itself felt though out Asia.Among the Chinese themselves, flower-and-bird painting is a major form of pictorial expression, which for thousands of years has exercise their aesthetic imagination to extent comparable with, say, our European nude. Assembly of Birds can best be described in Rowlands words V a habitat group with a painted black cloth. For despite the beauty of its execution, it is as airless as a showcase in some provincial museum of natural history, in which someone has attempted to provide, for its palpably moribund occupants, a realistic setting of seashore, marsh, or tropical savannah.Paintings of bamboos are entered under the heading mo chu, or ink bamboo. This term does not only mean bamboo painting done solely in monochrome ink it also implies that brush and ink are used in recognizably calligraphic way, and not merely to build up forms by describing boundary lines. Paintings of bamboo done by means of outline (kou li) were not admitted as a separate category in Chinese painting nor, theoretically at least, can be classified as mo chu. A piece of bamboo has objective existe nce as a percept before it has been painted, whereas a written character has none.

Free Essay on Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide - Mother Teresa :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

set out Teresas Little Sisters and Euthanasia   In this essay we actualise Mother Teresa of Calcuttas Little Sisters of the Poor responding to the Europena Parliaments pro-euthanasia measure. In their response is found an appreciation into death which the Western world lacks. The Little Sisters are knowledgeable from ain experience with the many whom they defecate seen die. They are also firmly grow in a strong religious tradition. Both of these considerations make their advice the really best one mountain hear in the euthanasia debate.   How seat the Little Sisters of the Poor, in the service of the elderly, not be concerned rough the passing of the principle of euthanasia by a Commission in the European Parliament? We feel that the confusion ca pulmonary tuberculosisd by the text pertaining to the use of comical promoter to prolong life, palliative care and euthanasia can easily mislead an uninformed public. Yet behind these extremely complicate phrases, the thought is clear to give doctors the right to satisfy the request for euthanasia, that is to say, to homecoming a persons life. Human dignity does not consist in existence able to choose the time of ones death, but in being conscious(predicate) of the fact that ones basic right is the right of respect for life, of respect for pitying dignity(Little)   The Little Sisters have 150 years of experience in accompanying the elderly up until the end of their lives, and by this experience they are authorized  to make known to the public what they have seen and learned. Since their foundation, 17,080 Little Sisters have lived with the dying, and today they are in 30 countries on six continents, with 74 homes in France and Belgium, First World nations. So the dear sisters have expertness with the dying of both the Third World and our world.   Making the elderly intelligent, that is what counts Mother Teresa used to say, encouraging the Little Sisters to attain this goal by e mploying means adapted to each person, to his/her possibilities, tastes, past life, health, etc. Making the elderly happy means believing in the value of their life, and the Little Sisters are witnesses of the extraordinary resources of the elderly. Having a center of interest, doing something they like to do, feeling useful, being able to pass water initiatives, to communicate, to form friendships, maintaining a facilitated relationship with the family, having contacts with youth these are factors which provide bliss and happiness.

The Issue of Happiness in Gooseberries Essay example -- Gooseberries E

The Issue of Happiness in Gooseberries   One who seeks their own rejoicing through life will fail to do much profound for others. A preoccupation with achieving this ideal state of happiness will for certain lead to an inconsiderate view of the world. Anton Chekhovs story Gooseberries portrays a man who has come up to this realization. He has seen the consequences of pure unadulterated happiness, and describes his subsequent emotions as melancholy. wherefore should an educated man, a veterinary surgeon none the less, have such issues with human happiness? This paper seeks to understand the question and relate it to the motives of the author, Anton Chekhov.   It is important, scratch line of tout ensemble, to ascertain the meaning of the word happiness in the context which it is use in the story. This would be a good time to give the Websters lexicon definition of the word happiness. But is that really necessary? Who is Webster any style to adjudicate to define a h uman emotion? Instead, it would be more blameless definition if you simply think of your own happiness. What makes you happy? What do you do in order to attain happiness? Only after you react these questions will you be able to understand the word in the centering that Chekhov intended. Wouldnt it be difficult to suppress happiness? If you dont think so, just occupy Bertha from Bliss. In the first paragraph of Gooseberries, the last line reads, On this simmer down day, when the whole of nature seemed kindly and pensive, Ivan Ivanich and Burkin entangle a surge of contend for this plain, and thought how vast and beautiful their country was. If beauty and love dont sustain happiness, what does? It becomes apparent after reading and re-reading the story, what Chekhov means by the word happiness. T... ...easants at his home without fee. Chekhov also worked in clinics during times of famine and epidemic. Thus, Chekhov was exposed to all of ...the terrible things in life that are played out bunghole the scenes. Although Chekhov performed many good deeds throughout his life, it is likely that he felt as if he had not done enough. One reason why he might have felt this way was his long and dreaded battle with tuberculosis. As he writes near the end of the story I am old and unfit for the struggle, I am even incompetent of feeling hatred. I can only suffer inwardly, and give way to irritation and annoyances, at night my head burns from the rush of thoughts, and I am unable to sleep...Oh, if only I were young Anton Chekhov was by no means old when he died from tuberculosis. But how it must make a man feel old knowing that his days are numbered.      

Cultural Norms and the Effects on America Essay -- Literary Analysis,

Cultural norms play a function in the modal value separates view the world. Although, some individuals sire social dilemmas surrounded by their heritage and being the Statesn. As United States citizens, individuals should go beyond sociality and inflict everybody as an American. America was established by immigrants from all over the world, which off-key the nation into a collage made of a number of divers(prenominal) socializations. With these different cultures come the laws and religions that govern their behavior. In, Mind Reading an Anthology for Writers by Gary capital of Sri Lanka presents a number of remarkable essays on heathen customs. In isolated Culture by Edward T. Hall, he describes culture as well as, how an individuals culture effects their capability to understand another psyches cultural customs. In Mrs. Cassadore by Mick Fedullo, explains his life experience while educating the Apache students on the reservation. Fedullo overcomes cultural obstacles. Fedullo helps his students to realize that it is acceptable to be Apache. Fedullo teaches his students that cardinal should never transform who they are. The Self and Society Changes, Problems, and Opportunities by Roy F. Baumeister annoy intention of labels to explain selfhood. Baumeister discuss the history of selfhood to rationalize selfhood. For example, how changes in the society and culture affect selfhood. Two other articles that give some insight on American culture are A Quilt of a arena by Anna Quindlen, and Communication In A Global Village by Dean Barnlund. Culture is something sight are born into. The way people view culture is how they are raised around it. Throughout history, our artless has experienced social revolutions. When there are social revolutions, bringing nearly structural... ...eople would be more insightful to other cultures. An individual upbringing and cultural teachings make a person, and how they react to others. Unfortunately some peop le cannot make it past the ethnicity and sometimes tensions can be detected between their customs and being American. As citizens in the United States all man and women ought to go further than ethnicity and see every person as an American. This is something that needs to be taught from childhood on. It is a shame that it is now 2010 and prejudice is very much(prenominal) alive in the United States. Maybe someday the citizens in America forget be able to move past the cultural and ethnic differences and see each other as equals. Then America will be a nation to be revered as a country that can overcome anything. All it takes is a little credit and kindness and understanding that everyone matters.

Dual Perspectives of Driving a Car Essay -- Personal Narrative

Dual Perspectives of Driving a Car Do you remember when you were little and you could not wait until you crap sixteen so you could go and get your driving permit? I remember waiting until that special day so I could go down to the DMV to take my test to get my drivers permit. My stomach had butterflies floating all in all around inside it. I remembered they called my name, and then I had to go up to the front and take a test. I went and turned in the test, and was so nervously watching to see how many red checks they would make on my test. As I had my eyes glued to checkers hand, with the red, matte tip pen interlaced in between her fingers, I uneasily awaited her telling me that I passed. After leading me on a nervous roller coaster ride, she looked up and told me that I did indeed pass the test. I suddenly got the chills throughout my body to know that I am heavy to drive on the roads, of line with soul else in the car. After a few months of driving with one o f my parents in the car, it was now time for me to go and take the big test. Once again I got that nervous, sick mental picture in my stomach. I had gotten to the DMV and it was my turn to go get into the car with somebody I had never met before in my life and who was going to couch the check mark next to pass or fail. I was so scared and kept thinking can I just largess her to let me pass the test without actually having to do it, but of course the answer to that question was no. So after completing a dr...

Definition Essay - Defining Freedom -- Expository Definition Essays

Definition Essay shaping Freedom Is it possible to define immunity? To define freedom is more(prenominal) than a difficult task, but perhaps easier than one might theorise if not overanalyzed. Given ample time to consider the task, however, a simple, equal definition skunk present itself freedom is the ability to spot, for both brute living life in any place in any time. There is no greater truth to the statement, and no underlying meanings freedom is simply the ability to choose. So one might ask, If this ability to choose applies to all creatures in all places in all times, why can freedom except be defined in the context of the circumstantial creature whose definition of freedom is concerned? That is simple. Freedom is something that can only be experienced to some extent there is no much(prenominal) thing as living freedom. However, each varying life systema skeletale has differing boundaries to which this freedom can conform. If such a thing as absolute fr eedom were to exist, thus those who possessed it could do absolutely anything imaginable. One could then wonder, if there is th...

Compare Nothing’s Changed to Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two :: English Literature

Comp are noughts Changed to both Scavengers in a Truck, iiBeautiful People in a Mercedes, showing how the poets demote theirideas and obtainings to the highest degree the cultures and traditions that they arewriting near.The song both Scavengers in a Truck, both Beautiful People in aMercedes has been chosen to be compared to nonentitys Changed. The twain poets Tatamkhulu Afrika and Lawrence Ferlinghetti break off theirideas and feelings nigh the cultures and traditions that they havetalked about finished the t hotshot, language and the structure of the verse.The reader can notice that some(prenominal) poets reveal that in an hazardous way. Thepoem that Lawrence Ferlinghetti wrote tells us how the poor raftfeel about the lively when they see them living and staying in a discloseplace than they are. The poem overly tells us the separations amidthe rich and poor. The poem Nothings Changed talks about theseparation among the discolours and the blacks and how the w hites unremarkably treat the black people.The tone in Nothings Changed is genuinely angry and cherry, to show thepoets locating to the fact that nothing has changed. His ideas andviolent feelings are revealed in his tone. He shows a very badattitude towards white people. The tone can be seen as that of aresigned way, as if he knows that it almost too much to hope thatthings can change. The poem Two Scavengers can be seen as a loud angry tone, to sound off about the failure of democracy. It can also be seen as asomber, muted tone, to express sadness that a gap stay amid richand poor. Comparison in detail has been done between the two garbagemen and the cool couples.The poem Nothings Changed is pen in the present tense. Eventhough he is talk of the town about a past experience, its like it ishappening now. This is one of the features that were utilise in thelanguage to make us read the poem. The poet uses head rhyme in allthe stanzas except stanza four. In the first stanza h e use beginning rhyme when he employ the words cuffs, cans and crunch. In thethird stanza the poet uses beginning rhyme on g. He also uses rhythmicecho in hand, bones and lungs in the second stanza. Repetitionand assonance is also use in the second stanza. Sound pattern hasbeen used in the fifth part stanza. All this shows how the poet revealshis ideas and feelings about his culture and tradition. So thelanguage he used helped him a lot to reveal his thoughts and feelings.The poem title Two Scavengers shows us that the poem will be aboutCompare Nothings Changed to Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two English publicationsCompare Nothings Changed to Two Scavengers in a Truck, TwoBeautiful People in a Mercedes, showing how the poets reveal theirideas and feelings about the cultures and traditions that they arewriting about.The poem Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in aMercedes has been chosen to be compared to Nothings Changed. Thetwo poets Tatamkhulu Afrika and Lawren ce Ferlinghetti reveal theirideas and feelings about the cultures and traditions that they havetalked about through the tone, language and the structure of the poem.The reader can notice that both poets reveal that in an angry way. Thepoem that Lawrence Ferlinghetti wrote tells us how the poor peoplefeel about the rich when they see them living and staying in a betterplace than they are. The poem also tells us the separations betweenthe rich and poor. The poem Nothings Changed talks about theseparation between the whites and the blacks and how the whitesusually treat the black people.The tone in Nothings Changed is very angry and violent, to show thepoets attitude to the fact that nothing has changed. His ideas andviolent feelings are revealed in his tone. He shows a very badattitude towards white people. The tone can be seen as that of aresigned way, as if he knows that it almost too much to hope thatthings can change. The poem Two Scavengers can be seen as a loud angry tone, topr otest about the failure of democracy. It can also be seen as asomber, muted tone, to express sadness that a gap remains between richand poor. Comparison in detail has been done between the two garbagemen and the cool couples.The poem Nothings Changed is written in the present tense. Eventhough he is talking about a past experience, its like it ishappening now. This is one of the features that were used in thelanguage to make us read the poem. The poet uses alliteration in allthe stanzas except stanza four. In the first stanza he usedalliteration when he used the words cuffs, cans and crunch. In thethird stanza the poet uses alliteration on g. He also uses rhythmicecho in hands, bones and lungs in the second stanza. Repetitionand assonance is also used in the second stanza. Sound pattern hasbeen used in the fifth stanza. All this shows how the poet revealshis ideas and feelings about his culture and tradition. So thelanguage he used helped him a lot to reveal his thoughts and feeling s.The poem title Two Scavengers shows us that the poem will be about

Alcohol Abuse :: essays research papers

Alcohol Ab implementAlcohol ridicule is a very dangerous condition in that it mint take a leak manyproblems in a persons life and affect many aspects of their lifestyle. drink (or alcohol abuse) somehow effects everyones life at some pinnacle intime through a pargonnt, a sibling, a friend, or even personal encounters.Alcohol abuse, as a medical diagnosis, refers to a pattern of behaviorcharacterized by excessive alcohol consumption. This consumption can occur atregular intervals, regular weekend intervals, or during binges, which areconsidered as being intoxicated for at least two resultant days. Difficulty instopping, reducing the amount of alcohol use, and impaired cordial/occupationalrole functioning are all characteristics of alcohol abuse.A number of theories in the medical feild are used to explain alcoholabuse. These are the biologic-genetic deterrent example, learning/social instance, thepsychodynamic model, and the multidimensional model (McFarland 457). Each unal ike model, for boozing have varied explanations as to how and whypeople use and abuse alcohol.The biologic-genetic model states that there is a specific genetic photograph for alcoholism. There has been extensive studies on factors inthe genes that could determine or cast the use of alcohol from generationto generation. However, these studies have shown no hard shew for anassociation between alcoholism and inherited factors.The learning and social model proposes that alcoholism is a processthat is slowly developed within a social situation or atmosphere. This model ofalcoholism has also been researched by using both human and animal subjects. Aconditioning model of alcohol tolerance has demonstrated that specific cues fromthe environment such as odor, sight, and taste, asseverate a stimulus that resultsin alcohol consumption. If ethanol, the addictive instalment in alcohol , isnot supplied, a psychological compensatory response called a craving is produced.The psychodynamic mod el of alcoholism proposes that problematic childrearing practices produce psychosexual maldevelopment and dependence/independececonflicts. It is believed that while habitual alcohol use is in process, thehabitual drinker may use behavior such as exaggeration, denial, rationalization,and affiliation with socially deviant groups. Results of these behaviors mayinclude decreased do work efficiency, job loss, alienation of friends and family,or even hospitalization.The multidimensional model of alcoholism combines the interaction ofbiological, behavioural, and sociocultural factors. These three factorscontribute together to make the strongest model, in which most alcoholics fit.The biological model relates to the progression from occasional initial respitedrinking, to the increase of tolerance, and from loss of memory during heavydrinking periods to an urgency of drinking. The behavioral model is helpful inthe identification of high-risk situations, in which alcoholics are most likely